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$xhtml = array(
	'<{title}>' => 'Leadership, Entrepreneurship, and Strategy',
	'<{subtitle}>' => 'Written in <span title="Principles of Business Management">BUS 1101</span> of <a href="http://www.uopeople.edu/">University of the People</a>, finalised on 2016-11-16',
	'<{copyright year}>' => '2016',
	'takedown' => '2017-11-01',
	'<{body}>' => <<<END
<p>
	Leadership is the set of skills related to influencing and inspiring others, getting them to enact your plans and accomplish the tasks that you need them to.
	In the past, leadership involved commanding one&apos;s subordinates, using their authority to get their underlings to fall into line.
	However, a huge shift in thought processes has happened since then.
	Today, good leaders are expected to take a more peer-oriented approach.
	Leaders inspire their followers do their best, to accomplish the tasks at hand, and to do so effectively, efficiently, and/or quickly.
	They use charisma and other social mechanisms to convince their followers that they <strong>*want*</strong> to accomplish the goals and subgoals of the organization.
	Under an effective leader, helping the company meet its objectives can be an enjoyable, fulfilling, and rewarding experience.
	Effective leadership involves understanding one&apos;s followers.
	Unless you understand how your followers think and feel, you won&apos;t know how to best motivate them.
	In addition to general attitudes, the personal beliefs and values of your followers can play a huge part in how you decide to motivate them.
	For example, I&apos;m hugely opposed to monopolies.
	Telling me that my performing a task well will help the company eliminate the competition will <strong>*not*</strong> inspire me to make sure that I do my best.
	(Carpenter, Taylor, &amp; Erdogan, 2010)
</p>
<p>
	Entrepreneurship is the skill of identifying opportunities, then using or creating resources in an effort to take advantage of those opportunities.
	By finding problems that are in need of solutions, people are able to address someone&apos;s needs, making them a customer.
	Entrepreneurship involves helping evolve existing markets and crating new ones.
	(Carpenter, Taylor, &amp; Erdogan, 2010)
</p>
<p>
	In the context of business, a strategy is a main concept of how a business will meet its goals, focusing on the world outside around it.
	Strategy is very important in management because it gives managers and other employees a guideline for daily actions and behaviors.
	Developing a strategy, called strategic planning, involves high-level planning that will be implemented over spans of three years or greater.
	Opportunities, threats to the business, and the business&apos;s own strengths and weaknesses must be taken into account when strategizing.
	(Carpenter, Taylor, &amp; Erdogan, 2010)
</p>
<h2>Leadership: the Debian Project</h2>
<p>
	The <a href="https://www.debian.org/">Debian Project</a> is an excellent example of leadership done right.
	Contributors to the Debian Project hail from all over the globe and speak many different languages (Yeates, 2006).
	That&apos;s not to mention that so many thousands of people have differing opinions on things! The Debian Project leader still manages to unite these people under the common goal of developing a stable, reliable, and free software operating system.
	To the outside world, the project leader represents and promotes the Debian Project to people outside the project.
	On the inside, the project leader coordinates the efforts of the other Debian Project developers and shapes the vision of the Debian Project as a whole.
	Additionally, the leader is able to make decisions on urgent matters and matters for which no other Debian Project developer has been given responsibility over (Debian, n.d.).
	They&apos;re also able to delegate responsibilities to other developers, whenever those other developers are willing and able to take these responsibilities on (Yeates, 2006).
	Unlike a business manager ans more like an elected government official, Debian Project leaders are chosen via election on a yearly basis.
	Under this system, if a leader isn&apos;t leading well, they can easily be replaced in the next election.
</p>
<h2>Entrepreneurship: the Qt Company</h2>
<p>
	The <a href="https://www.qt.io/">Qt Company</a> takes several problems facing real developers, and eliminates them through their product.
	This is the very definition of entrepreneurship.
	What they offer is an application framework.
	They develop this framework for use on all of the major operating system; when software developers write their applications to use the Qt framework, their applications can be compiled to run on all platforms that Qt supports without the developers themselves having to write support for all these operating systems (Qt Company, n.d.).
	This takes away the hassle out of supporting the systems all of your potential users.
	In many cases, the Qt Company gives away their product.
	Specifically, they give it away any time that you aren&apos;t needing to avoid the reverse-engineering of the software that you build with it (Qt Company, n.d.).
	However, if you need to build something that you plan to assert your &quot;intellectual property&quot; rights over, the Qt company will sell you a license for their product that allows you to do so.
	
</p>
<h2>Strategy: the Electronic Frontier Foundation</h2>
<p>
	The <a href="https://www.eff.org./">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a>&apos;s operations take a lot of strategy.
	Their goal is to defend civil liberties in the digital era.
	Accomplishing this goal involves several activities such as exposing ($a[EFF], n.d.) and busting ($a[EFF], n.d.) bad patents, organizing grassroots campaigns ($a[EFF], n.d.), writing software that helps users protect their own rights ($a[EFF], n.d.), explaining existing problems ($a[EFF], n.d.), and fighting legal battles ($a[EFF], n.d.).
	They take on a wide array of issues, such as government surveillance ($a[EFF], n.d.), the broken patent system ($a[EFF], n.d.), censorship ($a[EFF], n.d.), and government transparency ($a[EFF], n.d.), among other things.
</p>
<p>
	The Electronic Frontier Foundation is fighting both the United States government as well as large corporations.
	To say the least, it&apos;s an uphill battle.
	They lack the authority of the government and they lack the funding of the corporations.
	Yet somehow, the $a[EFF] often emerges victorious.
	How do they do this? Excellent strategy in money-management.
	The $a[EFF] is extremely good with managing what funds they do have, earning a four star rating from Charity Navigator (Charity Navigator, 2016), the highest rating offered by them.
	On top of that though, individual campaigns also require careful use of strategy to pull off.
	The $a[EFF] has to research its options and choose to promote the option that they think will be most effective.
	For example, in the fight against mass surveillance, the $a[EFF] recognizes that the legal framework in the United States, the main country engaging in mass surveillance, isn&apos;t set up to protect the rights of people abroad.
	Even if we can get our government to stop spying on <strong>*us*</strong>, our government will still be spying on citizens of other countries! Because of that, the $a[EFF]&apos;s approach to dealing with the problem, for the most part, doesn&apos;t involve acting in the legal system.
	Instead, most of their plan&apos;s steps are based on making such surveillance technically difficult (Reitman, 2015).
	If the governments of the world, especially the United States government, don&apos;t have the resources to make mass surveillance effective, that basically cuts off their spying, even if the laws still make it legal for them to try.
</p>
<h2>Comparisons</h2>
<p>
	In all three cases, the managers of this development team, this business and this charity are accomplishing great things through their management.
	The Debian Project manager is coordinating the efforts of thousands worldwide to build a reliable, stable, and free operating system that is not only useful as itself, but also serves as a base for many other Linux-based operating systems to be built off of.
	The Qt Company builds and develops an awesome cross-platform layer, making development on many operating systems at once a much more trivial task.
	The Electronic Frontier Foundation is standing up for human rights in the digital era, wining legal battles and building tools to help us take out privacy back.
	In any of these cases, the organizations might not necessarily fall apart under bad management, depending on how bad it was, but they would certainly be nowhere near as effective as they are today.
	Additionally, at least in my opinion, while the Debian Project leader shows the strongest leadership of the three examples, all three organizations show excellent leadership.
	Without proper leadership, what these organizations accomplish wouldn&apos;t be possible.
	However, these three examples are very different as well.
</p>
<p>
	As far as I know, people on the Debian Project development team aren&apos;t paid.
	They work on the project simply because they believe in it and want to be a part of why it succeeds.
	Managing volunteers isn&apos;t like managing hired personnel.
	These people are here because they <strong>*want*</strong> to be here.
	At any time, they could decide to leave without even giving notice and there&apos;s nothing that the project manger can do to stop it.
	That means that the project manager has to keep people wanting to work on the Debian Project.
	They need to make these people feel appreciated and useful, even more so than if they were in a paid position.
	They need to make these people feel respected, and like their ideas and contributions are wanted.
	This keeps these volunteers working toward a common goal.
</p>
<p>
	The Qt Company on the other hand, employs their staff to have them work toward the company&apos;s goal.
	To keep their staff happy and keep them from seeking out employment elsewhere, they surely have to make the job fulfilling.
	However, when it comes right down to it, the manager has the final say on anything that happens.
	New innovations are likely encouraged, but also screened for sanity, usefulness, and implementation possibility.
</p>
<p>
	The $a[EFF], being a non-profit charity, works toward a common good.
	They surely pay a lot of their staff, but it&apos;s likely not the highest-paying job that these people could have chosen.
	These people work for the $a[EFF] because they want to make a positive difference in the world.
	To keep these people motivated, the manager of the $a[EFF] needs to inspire their employees and help them see how all of their actions fit into the big picture.
</p>
<div class="APA_references">
	<h2>References:</h2>
	<p>
		Carpenter, M., Taylor, B., Erdogan, B. (2010). Principles of Management. Nyack, NY: Flat World Knowledge. Retrieved from <a href="http://my.uopeople.edu/mod/resource/view.php?id=96260"><code>http://my.uopeople.edu/mod/resource/view.php?id=96260</code></a>
	</p>
	<p>
		Charity Navigator. (2016, January 11). Charity Navigator - Rating for Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved November 14, 2016, from <a href="https://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&amp;orgid=7576"><code>https://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&amp;orgid=7576</code></a>
	</p>
	<p>
		Debian. (n.d.). Debian Project Leader. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.debian.org/devel/leader"><code>https://www.debian.org/devel/leader</code></a>
	</p>
	<p>
		$a[EFF]. (n.d.). $a[EFF] Action Center. Retrieved from <a href="https://act.eff.org./"><code>https://act.eff.org./</code></a>
	</p>
	<p>
		$a[EFF]. (n.d.). Legal Victories | Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.eff.org./legal-victories"><code>https://www.eff.org./legal-victories</code></a>
	</p>
	<p>
		$a[EFF]. (n.d.). NSA Spying | Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.eff.org./nsa-spying"><code>https://www.eff.org./nsa-spying</code></a>
	</p>
	<p>
		$a[EFF]. (n.d.). Patent Busting Project | Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.eff.org./patent-busting"><code>https://www.eff.org./patent-busting</code></a>
	</p>
	<p>
		$a[EFF]. (n.d.). Patents | Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.eff.org./patent"><code>https://www.eff.org./patent</code></a>
	</p>
	<p>
		$a[EFF]. (n.d.). Say No to Online Censorship! | Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.eff.org./pages/say-no-to-online-censorship"><code>https://www.eff.org./pages/say-no-to-online-censorship</code></a>
	</p>
	<p>
		$a[EFF]. (n.d.). Search | Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.eff.org./search/site/Stupid%20Patent%20of%20the%20Month"><code>https://www.eff.org./search/site/Stupid%20Patent%20of%20the%20Month</code></a>
	</p>
	<p>
		$a[EFF]. (n.d.). Transparency | Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.eff.org./issues/transparency"><code>https://www.eff.org./issues/transparency</code></a>
	</p>
	<p>
		$a[EFF]. (n.d.). Whitepapers | Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.eff.org./wp"><code>https://www.eff.org./wp</code></a>
	</p>
	<p>
		$a[EFF]. (n.d.). | Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.eff.org./about/opportunities/volunteer/coding-with-eff"><code>https://www.eff.org./about/opportunities/volunteer/coding-with-eff</code></a>
	</p>
	<p>
		Qt Company. (n.d.). Qt - Product | Qt for Application Development. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.qt.io./qt-for-application-development/"><code>https://www.qt.io./qt-for-application-development/</code></a>
	</p>
	<p>
		Qt Company. (n.d.). Start for free - Download Qt for application development &amp; device creation. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.qt.io/download/"><code>https://www.qt.io/download/</code></a>
	</p>
	<p>
		Reitman, R. (2015, January 26). $a[EFF]&apos;s Game Plan for Ending Global Mass Surveillance | Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.eff.org./deeplinks/2015/01/effs-game-plan-ending-global-mass-surveillance"><code>https://www.eff.org./deeplinks/2015/01/effs-game-plan-ending-global-mass-surveillance</code></a>
	</p>
	<p>
		Yeates, S. (2006, April 25). Open Source Leadership: Debian. Retrieved from <a href="http://oss-watch.ac.uk./resources/debianleader"><code>http://oss-watch.ac.uk./resources/debianleader</code></a>
	</p>
</div>
END
);
